Category Archives: Lunar Landers

Tuesday / 17 Oct 2023

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Space Leaders in Major Himalayan Neighbors, India and China, Call for Human Moon Landings

While Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander remains in sleep mode, ISRO Chairman S. Somanath (T) emphasizing independent access to space, telling students ‘It is not only ISRO, everybody can do it in space’, citing 5 India companies including Skyroot (Hyderabad) and Agnikul (Chennai) while sharing his prediction of a woman landing on the Moon during Chandrayaan-10, a sentiment shared by India Prime Minister Modi; CNSA Taikonauts preparing for 2020s lunar landings, inaugural launch of new-generation crew spacecraft set for 2027 per first China Taikonaut Yang Liwei in remarks commemorating 20th observance of the Shenzhou 5

Credits: SPC, CNSA, IISc

Weekend Edition
Fri-Mon / 6-9 Oct 2023

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China 2020s Human Moon Landing Solidifying as Robotic Exploration Series Continues

CSA, DSEL, CASC, CMSA and CNSA advancing crewed lunar mission set to occur before 2030 utilizing redesigned 10.6-m diameter Long March 9 with 50-ton lunar transfer capability or Long March 10  (also called 5DY / 5G / 921) with 27-ton lunar transfer, which may launch by 2027; Lander with powered descent stage to carry 2 Taikonauts and 200-kg rover to lunar surface; CNSA also seeking international payloads for Chang’E-8 launching NET 2028 (letters of intent due 31 Dec) while Queqiao-2 and Tiandu-1/2 relay satellites expected to launch NET March 2024 followed by Chang’E-6 far side sample return NET May 2024, and Chang’E-7 MSP mission NET 2026

Credits: CNSA, CASC, Xinhua

Friday / 6 Oct 2023

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Japan Lunar Spacecraft Loops Past Moon on Circuitous Route to Precise Landing

700-kg Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) passed within 4,992 km of the lunar surface, imaging Moon from ~7,000-km and is now on long, fuel-saving path to LOI expected to take 2-3 months, followed by a month in lunar orbit with landing within 100-m target zone near Shioli crater / Cyrillus crater rim (13.3°S, 25.2°E) NET Jan 2024; Japan will come 5th nation to soft-land on Moon (after USA, USSR, China, India) if SLIM is successful; Payloads include Multi-Band Camera, Lunar Excursion Vehicle, Laser Retro-reflector

Credits: JAXA

Weekend Edition
Fri-Mon / 29 Sep – 2 Oct 2023

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USA Enterprises Eager to Lead Return to Moon Surface, Make History with First Commercial Landings

Intuitive Machines, Astrobotic, Firefly, Draper, and ispace USA are working towards first United States Moon landings in over 50 years, with IM and Astrobotic aiming for launches before EOY; NASA financing IM-1 approximately US$116M and Peregrine Mission 1 $79.5; IM-1 carrying LN-1 navigation instrument, NDL Doppler lidar, SCALPSS plume cameras, and Laser Retroreflector Array produced by GSFC for NASA; Commercial customers include Columbia Sportswear, Embry–Riddle, Lunaprise, Jeff Koons, Lonestar Data Holdings; NASA / UC-Boulder and independent International Lunar Observatory Association to send Astronomy from the Moon precursors ROLSES and ILO-X

Pictured: Intuitive Machines CEO Steve Altemus, Astrobotic CEO John Thornton; Credits: IM, Astrobotic, Linkedin

Friday / 29 Sep 2023

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Japan National and Commercial Moon Landers in Transit and Under Construction

2.7-m long JAXA ‘Moon Sniper’ Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) on low-energy transit expected to reach lunar orbit NET Dec, with final 100-m2 target landing area near Shioli crater (13.3°S, 25.2°E) between Jan – Feb 2024, with imager / data link tested from 100,000-km with Earth photo and LEV rover to be activated for checks imminently; ispace working towards Mission 2 launch NET 2024 with flight model (based on Series 1) under construction at Tsukuba Space Center while Mission 3 with APEX 1.0 lander being developed with Draper now set for NET 2026; LUPEX collaboration with JAXA providing launcher / rover and ISRO providing lander to launch NET 2025

Pictured: ISRO / JAXA LUPEX team in India; Credits: JAXA, ispace

Tuesday / 26 Sep 2023

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NASA Team Suggests Framework for Consideration of Space Exploration Ethics in Artemis Era

Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy (OTPS) report Artemis, Ethics and Society: Synthesis from a Workshop complies perspectives from 55 participants who gathered at NASA HQ to develop framework for moral evaluation of space exploration within the context of Artemis program and Artemis Accords, which proclaims ‘benefit for all humankind’, echoing Outer Space Treaty, National Aeronautics and Space Act, Moon Agreement; ~140 ethical / social issues deliberated under categories including definitions, decision-making, cultural values, sharing, environment, policy, and colonialism; OTPS to utilize proceedings to conduct internal study on key policy implications and open conversation to international partners

Pictured: Zachary Pirtle, Katherine McBrayer, Alyse Beauchemin of OTPS; Credits: NASA

Tuesday / 19 Sep 2023

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NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services Issues New Award to Firefly Aerospace for Astronomy from the Moon Follow-on

The second Firefly lunar mission launching NET 2026 to receive additional US$18M for frequency calibration of LuSEE-Night payload, with $112M already allotted for CLPS CS-3 task order for Moon far side delivery; LuSEE-Night is a collaboration between Space Science Laboratory and DOE (Brookhaven / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories), led by PI Stuart Bale of UC Berkeley, which aims to place a 4-monopole rotating antenna array to probe cosmological ‘Dark Ages’ signals between 0.1-50 MHz; Instrument calibration to utilize Elytra Dark transfer stage / lunar orbital platform, which will deliver ESA Lunar Pathfinder relay satellite being built by SSTL

Credits: Firefly, UC Berkeley

Weekend Edition
Fri-Mon / 15-18 Sep 2023

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Lunar Mission Cadence Not Letting Up with Japan on Route to Moon, USA CLPS Preparing for Launch

ISRO awaits possible reactivation of Vikram Lander / Pragyan rover 22 September; JAXA SLIM operating nominally following post-launch systems checks with trajectory to Moon within precise range, allowing controllers to forego a planned fine-tuning maneuver; NASA CLPS providers Intuitive Machines and Astrobotic enlarging their Earth-bound organizational footprints with expanded facilities while working towards NET 16 November and TBD launches; CNSA Chang’E-6 sample retrieval sites within Apollo-crater being considered for NET May 2024; ispace and SpaceIL working towards realization HAKUTO-R mission 2 and Beresheet 2

Credits: ISRO, JAXA, Intuitive Machines, Astrobotic, ispace, SpaceIL

Weekend Edition
Fri-Mon / 8-11 Sep 2023

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USA Artemis Moonships SLS and Starship Development Advancing Ahead of Human Moon Missions

Preparations for Artemis 2 (SLS rocket / Orion crew capsule) ongoing at KSC Launch Complex 39B – Mobile Launcher-1 being augmented with structural reinforcements while Emergency Crew Escape System and 41,730-kg Crew Access Arm being installed for first crewed lunar flyby in over 50 years NET Nov 2025; NASA considering future shift of SLS ownership and operation to private contractor in response to unsustainable costs per US GAO; SpaceX to make 63 corrective actions prior to FAA launch clearance for Starship, now fully stacked at Starbase TX, including changes to launch pad, propellant leak remediation, and Autonomous Flight Safety System testing

Credits: SpaceX, NASA

Friday / 8 Sep 2023

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Japan is Latest Nation to Join Lunar Exploration Wave with SLIM Lander on Way to Moon

JAXA controllers guiding US$100M Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) as orbital raising maneuvers set to commence, beginning fuel-efficient journey expected to take 3-4 months to reach lunar orbit with 100m-accuracy soft landing east of Shioli crater (13.2°S, 25.2°E) on 15° slope in late Jan / early Feb 2024; Advanced vision-based navigation system and belly landing technique to allow ‘landing where we want’ per JAXA President Hiroshi Yamakawa, capabilities to be utilized in JAXA-ISRO LUPEX polar mission NET 2025, Lunar Cruiser pressurized crew vehicle for Artemis late 2020s, and mid-sized lunar cargo lander early 2030s

Credits: JAXA