Europe Considers Place In Moon, Mars, Solar System Exploration
ESA Must Remain Relevant Amongst Spacefaring Powers USA, Rising China And India With Long Term Vision / Investment (ESA 2020 Budget = US$7.82B, NASA = $22.6B), Europe Human Landing On Moon By Decade End, Says ESA Director Of Human & Robotic Exploration David Parker At European Space Conference; MVA (Giuseppe Reibaldi, Aline Decadi) Promotes Women On The Moon Initiative; ILEWG (Bernard Foing) Advancing Lunar Exploration; Astronomy From The Moon Championed By Ian Crawford, Martin Elvis, Joseph Silk And John Zarnecki Of UK Royal Society
Credits: ESA, MVA, ILEWG, Royal Society
NASA HLS Program Manager Dr. Lisa Watson-Morgan (L) And HEOMD Administrator Kathy Lueders Expected To Designate HLS Winner From 3 Contenders Soon, Contract Base Period Ending February; Blue Origin Was Awarded $579M To Develop Traditional 3-Stage System; Dynetics $253M For Single Stage Craft Supported By Vulcan Centaur Refueling Rockets; SpaceX $135M For Starship-Based System (Moonship) Which Also Relies On In-Space Cryogenic Refueling; Total Allotment To Build HLS Currently Meager $850M, NASA Estimates $3.3B Necessary
Priorities And Advantageous Conditions For Science During NASA Human Landing Officially Planned For 2024 Include Moon As Stable / Quiet Platform For Farside Long Wavelength Radio Observation, With Special Attention On 21-cm “Dark Ages” Spectrum From Dawn Of Universe; Position Just Outside Earth Magnetosphere Conducive To Heliophysical Investigations On Electrodynamic Interactions With Surrounding Plasma Fields; Low Seismicity Ideal For Interferometer-Based Study Of Relatively / Gravitational Waves And Calibration; 60 Earth-Radii Distance 4x Shorter Than L1 Point Used For Long-Term Climate Observation; Lunar Cataclysm Hypothesis May Be Validated Via South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return If Dated 4.1Ga / Younger
Lunar Surface Innovation Initiative, In Collaboration With Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory And Arizona State University Interplanetary Initiative, Hosts Lunar Surface Innovation Consortium 14 -15 Oct Online; NASA Administrator Bridenstine (L) To Give Keynote Address Wednesday At 11:45 EDT In Which Artemis 2024 Updates And Next Batch Of ‘Tipping Point’ Industry Partners For Development Of Sustainable Lunar Exploration Technology Are To Be Announced; Award Topics Include Cryogenic Fluid Management, Lunar Surface Power / Distribution And Propulsion; Private Partners Expected To Contribute ≥ 25% Of Program Costs
Target Of First Crewed Lunar Mission Of 21st Century, Artemis 3, Called Into Question At Lunar Exploration Analysis Group Online Meeting; Focus For Sustainable Occupation Has Been On Polar Region Since 2008 ISRO Chandrayaan-1 Confirmation Of Water Ice; NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine Says “Inspiration Of Going Back To An Original Apollo Site Would Be Pretty Amazing” While HEOMD Administrator Kathy Lueders Comments “We’re Looking At Different Ways To Get More Communities To Participate In That [Landing Location] Decision”; Equatorial Landings Require Less Fuel / Technical Challenge
NASA Science Mission Directorate Planetary Science Division, Led By (L) Lori Glaze, Forming Science Definition Team To Prioritize Lunar Science To Be Conducted By Artemis III Crew At Undetermined Site Within 6 Degrees Of Moon South Pole; 
